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ASTM A501-89

Standard Specification for Hot Formed Welded and 
Seamless Carbon Steel Structural Tubing

This standard is issued under the fixed designation A 501; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. 

A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript epsilon ( ε) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.

This specification has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense. 

Consult the DoD Index of Specifications and Standards for specific year of issue which has been adopted by the Department of Defense.


1. Scope

1.1 This specification covers hot-formed welded and seamless carbon steel square, round, rectangular, or special shape structural tubing for welded, riveted, or bolted con-struction of bridges and buildings, and for general structural purposes.

1.2 Square and rectangular tubing is furnished in sizes 1 to 10 in. (25.4 to 254 mm) across flat sides with wall thicknesses 0.095 to 1,000 in. (2.41to 25.40 mm), depending on size; round tubing is furnished in NPS 1/2 to 24 (Note), incl, with nominal (average)wall thicknesses 0.109 to 1.000 in. (2.77 to 25.40 mm), depending on size. Tubing having other dimensions may be furnished provided such tubing complies with all other requirements of this specification.

1.3 Tubing may be furnished with hot-dipped galvanized coating.

1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarede as the standard.


NOTE-The dimensionless designator NPS(nominal pipe size)has been substituted in this standard for shuh traditional terms as "nominal diameter,""size", and "nominal size." 



Table 1 Chemical Requirements

Element Composition %
Heat analysis Product analysis
Carbon, max 0.26 0.30
Phosphorus, max 0.035 0.045
Sulfur, max 0.035 0.045
Copper, when copper steel is specifie, min 0.20 0.18




Table 2 Tensile Requirements 

Tensile strength, min, psi (MPa) 58 000 (400)
Yield strength, min, psi(MPa) 36 000 (250)
Elongation in 2 in (50.8 mm)min, % A 23
Elongation in 8 in (203 mm) min, % A 20B


A Elongation may be determined in a gage length of either 2 in.(50.8 mm)or 8 in (203.2 mm)at the manufacturer's option
B For material under 5/16 in (7.9 mm) in thickness, a deduction from the percentage elongation of 1.25 % in 8 in (203.2 mm) specified in Table 2 shall be made for each decrease of 1/32 in (0.79 mm) of the specified thickness under 5/16 in (7.9 mm) finished tubing manuafcauted in accordance with this specification, or an analysis may be made from flat-rolled stock from which the welded tubing is manufactured.

When product analyes are made, two sample lengths from a lot of each 500 lengths or fraction thereof shall be selected.

Methods and practices relating to chemical analysis shall be in accordance with Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology A 751.

The chemical composition thus determined shall conform to the requirements specified in Table 1 for product analysis.




Table 3 Bend Test Requirements

Thickness of Material. in (mm) Ratio of Bend Diameter to Specimen Thickness
3/4 in (19.0) and under 12
Over 3/4 in to 1 in (19.0 to 25.4). incl 1



Portion, to an inside diameter which shall have a relation to the thickness of the specimen as prescribed in Table 3. 

Table 4 Dimensions of Common Sizes of Sqare Structural Tubing

Size Given in Outisde Dimensions Across Flat Sides. in. (mm) Weight per Foot. lb(kg/m) Calculated Nominal Wall Thickness in. (mm)
1 by 1
(25.4 by 25.4)		 1.09 (1.62)
1.41 (2.19)		 0.095 (2.41)
0.133 (3.38)
2 by 2
(50.8 by 50.8)		 2.69 (4.00)
3.04 (4.52)
3.65 (5.44)
4.31 (6.41)		 0.110 (2.79)
0.125 (3.18)
0.154 (3.91)
0.188 (4.78)
2 1/2 by 2 1/2
(63.5 by 63.5)		 4.32 (6.43)
5.59 (8.32)
7.10 (10.56)		 0.141 (3.58)
0.188 (4.78)
0.250 (4.78)
3 by 3
(76.2 by 76.2)		 5.78 (8.60)
6.86 (10.21)
8.80 (13.09)		 0.156 (3.96)
0.188 (4.78)
0.250 (6.35)
31/2 by 31/2
(88.9 by 88.9)		 6.88 (10.24) 
8.14 (12.11)
10.50 (15.62)
12.69 (18.88)		 0.156 (3.96)
0.188 (4.78)
0.250 (6.35)
0.312 (7.92)
4 by 4 
(101.6 by 101.6)		 9.31 (13.85)
12.02 (17.89)
14.52 (21.61)
16.84 (25.06)
20.68 (31.07)		 0.188 (4.78)
0.250 (6.35)
0.312 (7.92)
0.375 (9.52)
0.500 (12.70)
5 by 5
(127.0 by 101.6)		 11.86 (17.65)
15.42 (22.94)
18.77 (27.93)
21.94 (32.65)
27.68 (41.19) 		 0.188 (4.78)
0.250 (6.35)
0.312 (7.92)
0.375 (9.52)
0.500 (12.70)
6 by 6
(152.4 by 152.4)		 14.41 (21.44)
18.82 (28.00)
23.02 (34.25)
27.04 (40.28)
27.68 (31.07)		 0.188 (4.78)
0.250 (6.35)
0.312 (7.92)
0.375 (9.52)
0.500 (12.70)
7 by 7
(177.8 by 177.8)		 16.85 (25.07)
22.04 (32.80)
26.99 (39.16)
31.73 (47.21)
40.55 (60.34)		 0.188 (4.78)
0.250 (6.35)
0.312 (7.92)
0.375 (9.52)
0.500 (12.70)
8 by 8
(203.2 by 203.2) 		 25.44 (37.85)
31.24 (46.49)
36.83 (54.80) 
47.35 (70.46) 
56.98 (84.79) 
65.73 (97.81)		 0.250 (6.35)
0.312 (7.92)
0.375 (9.52)
0.500 (12.70)
0.750 (19.05)
10 by 10
(254.9 by 254.0)		 32.23 (47.96)
39.74 (59.13) 
47.03 (69.98) 
60.95 (90.69) 
73.98 (110.08) 
86.13 (128.16) 
107.79 (160.39)		 0.250 (6.35)
0.312 (7.92)
0.375 (9.52)
0.500 (12.70)
0.750 (19.05)
1.000 (25.40)

structural tubing included in this specification are listed in Tabel 5.

10.3 Round Structural Tubing- The NPS and outside diameter dimsnsions. the weight poer foot, and the calculated nominal wall thickness of common sizes of round structural tuving included in this specifiaction are listed in Table 6.

10.4 Special Shape Structural Tubing-The dimensions and tolerances of special shape structural tubing are avaliable by inquiry and negotiation with the manufacuter.

10.5 Other Sizes-Hot-formed welded and seamless structural tubing may be manufactured in accordance with the requirements of this specifiaction to other ordered dimensions not listed in Table 4.5, and 6 in this event. the dimensional tolerances shall be consistent with those shown

Table 5 Dimensions of Common Sizes of Rectangular Strructural Tubing

Size Given in Outside dimensions Across Flat Sides in (mm). Weight per Foot lb (kg/m) Calculated Nominal Wall Thickness. in (mm).
3 by 2
(76.2 by 50.8)		 4.32 (6.43)
5.59 (8.32) 
7.10 (10.56)		 0.141 (3.58)
0.188 (4.78)
0.250 (6.35)
4 by 2
(101.6 by 50.8)		 5.78 (8.60) 
6.86 (10.21) 
8.80 (13.09)		 0.156 (3.96)
0.188 (4.78)
0.250 (6.35)
4 by 3
(101.6 by 76.2)		 6.86 (10.24) 
8.14 (12.11) 
10.50 (15.62) 
12.69 (18.88)		 0.156 (3.96)
0.188 (4.78)
0.250 (6.35)
0.312 (6.35)
5 by 3
(127.0 by 76.2)		 9.31 (13.85) 
12.02 (17.89) 
14.52 (21.61) 
16.84 (25.06)		 0.188 (4.78)
0.250 (6.35)
0.312 (7.92)
0.375 (9.52)
6 by 3
(152.4 by 76.2)		 10.58 (15.74) 
13.72 (20.42) 
16.65 (24.78) 
19.39 (28.85)		 0.156 (3.96)
0.188 (4.78)
0.250 (6.35)
0.312 (7.92)
6 by 4
(152.4 by 101.6) 		 11.86 (17.65) 
15.42 (22.94) 
18.77 (27.93) 
21.94 (32.65) 
27.68 (41/19)		 0.188 (4.78)
0.250 (6.35)
0.312 (7.92)
0.375 (9.52)
0.500 (12.70)
7 by 5
(177.8 by 127.0)		 14.41 (21.44)
18.82 (28.00)
23.02 34.25()
27.04 (40.28)
34.48 (51.31)		 0.188 (4.78)
0.250 (6.35)
0.312 (7.92)
0.375 (9.52)
0.500 (12.70)
8 by 4
(203.2 by 101.6)		 14.41 (21.44)
18.82 (28.00)
23.02 34.25()
27.04 (40.28)
34.48 (51.31)		 0.188 (4.78)
0.250 (6.35)
0.312 (7.92)
0.375 (9.52)
0.500 (12.70)
8 by 6
(203.2 by 152.4)
16.85 (25.07)
22.04 (32.80)
26.99 (39.16)
31.73 (47.21)
34.48 (51.31)		 0.188 (4.78)
0.250 (6.35)
0.312 (7.92)
0.375 (9.52)
0.500 (12.70)
10 by 6
(254.0 by 152.4)		 25.44 (37.85) 
31.24 (46.49) 
36.83 (54.80) 
47.35 (70.46)		 0.250 (6.35)
0.312 (7.92)
0.375 (9.52)
0.500 (12.70)

Table 6 Dimensions of Common Size of Round Structural Tubing

NPS Designa-tor Outside Diameter in (mm) Weight Per Foot lb (kg/m) Calculated Nominal Wall thickness. in (mm)
1/2 0.840 (21.3)
0.840 (21.3)		 0.85 (1.27)
1.09 (1.62)		 0.109 (2.77)
0.147 (3.73)
3/4 1.050 (26.7)
1.050 (26.7)		 1.13 (1.69)
1.47 (2.20)		 0.113 (2.87)
0.154 (3.91)
1 1.315 (33.4)
1.315 (33.4)
1.315 (33.4)		 1.34 (2.00)
1.68 (2.50)
2.17 (3.24)		 0.104 (2.64)
0.133 (3.38)
0.179 (4.55)
1 1/4 1.660 (42.2)
1.660 (42.2)
1.660 (42.2)		 1.82 (2.71)
2.27 (3.39)
3.00 (4.47)		 0.110 (2.79)
0.140 (3.56)
0.191 (4.85)
1 1/2 1.900 (48.3)
1.900 (48.3) 
1.900 (48.3)		 2.17 (3.25)
2.72 (4.05)
3.63 (5.41)		 0.114 (2.90)
0.145 (3.68)
0.200 (5.08)
2 2.375 (60.3) 
2.375 (60.3)
2.375 (60.3)		 2.91 (4.33)
3.65 (5.44)
5.02 (7.48)		 0.121 (3.07)
0.154 (3.91)
0.218 (5.54)
2 1/2 2.875 (73.0)
2.875 (73.0)
2.875 (73.0)
2.875 (73.0)		 4.53 (6.74)
5.40 (8.04)
5.79 (8.63)
7.66 (11.41)		 0.156 (3.96)
0.188 (4.78)
0.216 (5.49)
0.300 (7.62)
3 3.500 (88.9) 
3.500 (88.9) 
3.500 (88.9) 
3.500 (88.9)		 5.57 (8.29)
6.65 (9.92)
7.58 (11.29)
10.25 (15.27)		 0.156 (3.96)
0.188 (4.78)
0.226 (5.74)
0.318 (8.08)
3 1/2 4.000 (101.6) 
4.000 (101.6) 
4.000 (101.6) 
4.000 (101.6)		 6.40 (9.53)
7.65 (11.41)
9.11 (!3.57)
12.50 (18.63)		 0.156 (3.96)
0.188 (4.78)
0.226 (5.74)
0.318 (8.08)
4 4.500 (114.3)
4.500 (114.3)
4.500 (114.3)
4.500 (114.3)
4.500 (114.3)		 7.24 (10.78)
8.66 (12.91)
10.01 (14.91)
10.79 (16.07)
14.98 (22.32)		 0.156 (3.96)
0.188 (4.78)
0.219 (5.56)
0.237 (6.02)
0.337 (8.56)
5 5.563 (141.3) 
5.563 (141.3) 
5.563 (141.3) 		 14.62 (21.77)
20.78 (30.97)
38.55 (57.43)		 0.258 (6.55)
0.375 (9.53)
0.280 (7.11)
6 6.625 (168.3) 
6.625 (168.3) 
6.625 (168.3)		 18.97 (28.26)
28.57 (42.56)
53.16 (79.22)		 0.280 (7.11)
0.432 (10.97)
0.864 (21.95)
8 8.625 (219.1)
8.625 (219.1)
8.625 (219.1)		 28.55 (42.55)
43.39 (64.64)
72.42 (107.92)		 0.322 (8.18)
0.500 (12.70)
0.875 (22.23)
10 10.750 (273.0) 
10.750 (273.0) 
10.750 (273.0)		 40.48 (60.31)
54.74 (81.55)
104.13 (155.15)		 0.365 (9.27)
0.500 (12.70)
1.000 (25.40)
12 12.750 (323.8) 
12.750 (323.8) 
12.750 (323.8)		 49.56 (73.88)
65.42 (97.46)
125.49 (186.97)		 0.375 (9.53)
0.500 (12.70)
1.000 (25.40)
14 14.000 (355.6) 
14.000 (355.6)		 54.57 (81.33)
72.09 (107.39)		 0.375 (9.53)
0.500 (12.70)
16 16.000 (406.4) 
16.000 (406.4)		 62.58 (93.27)
82.77 (123.30)		 0.375 (9.53)
0.500 (12.70)
18 18.000 (457.2) 
18.000 (457.2)		 70.59 (105.16)
93.45 (139.15)		 0.375 (9.53)
0.500 (12.70)
20 20.000 (508.0) 
20.000 (508.0)		 78.60 (117.15) 
104.13 (155.12)		 0.375 (9.53)
0.500 (12.70)
24 24.000 (609.6) 
24.000 (609.6)		 94.62 (141.12)
125.49 (187.06)		 0.375 (9.53)
0.500 (12.70)


in this specification for similar sizes and type of product. 

Table 7 Outside dimension Tolerance for Square, Rectangular, 
and Special Shape Structural Tubing

Largest Outside Dimensions, Across Flats in (mm) 0.020 (0.51)
Over 2 1/2 to 3 1/2 (63.5 to 88.9).incl 0.025 (0.64)
Over 3 1/2 to 5 1/2 (88.9 to 139.7). incl 0.030 (0.76)
Over 5 1/2 (139.7) 1 %



A The respcetive outside dimension tolerances include the allowances for convexity and concevity. 



Talbe 8 Cut Length Tolerances for Structural Tubing 

  22 ft (6.7 m) and Under Over 22 to 44 ft (6.7 to 13.4m)incl
Over Under Over Under
Length tolerance for specified cut lengths. in (mm) 1/2
(12.7)		 1/4
(6.4)		 3/4
(19.0)		 1/4
(6.4)




Table 9 Twist Tolerances for Square, Rectangular, or Special Shape Structural Tubing

Specified Dimension of Longest Outer Side. in (mm) Maximum Twist in the First 3 ft (1m) and in each additional 3 ft
   
1 1/2 (38.1) and under 0.050 1.39
Over 1 1/2 to 2 1/2 (38.1 to 63.5) incl. 0.062 1.72
OVer 2 1/2 and 4 (63.5 to 101.6) incl. 0.075 2.09
Over 4 to 6 (101.6 to 152.4) incl. 0.087 2.42
Over 6 to 8 (152.4 to 203.2) incl. 0.100 2.78
Over 8 (203) . 0.112 3.11


from a length of tubing representing each lot.

12.2 The bend test as specified in Section 9 shall be made on one length of square or rectangular tubing representing each lot.

12.3 The term "lot" applies to all tubes of the same nominal size and wall thickness that are produced from the same heat of steel. 

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